Climates of India

 

Climates of India

Weather : Momentary state of atmosphere.

Climate: Average of the weather condition over a larger period of time.

Factors determining the Climate of India:
India’s climate is controlled by a number of factor which can be broadly divided into two categories – factors relating to location and relief and factors related to air pressure and winds.

1. Factors relating to location and relief:

a)    Latitude:  The tropic of cancer passes through the control part of India dividing it into northern part i.e., Subtropical and southern part i.e., Tropical part. The tropical part being closer to the equator experience higher temperature throughout the year . The subtropical part being away from equator experience high daily and annual range of temperature.

b)    Himalayan Mountains:   Acts as an invincible shield for the Indian subcontinent from cold northern wind originating

          In the arctic circle and blow across central and eastern Asia.

c)   Distribution of Land and Water: India is flanked by the ocean in south on three sides. As compared to landmass water get heated more slowly, have created pressure difference in different seasons in and around the Indian suncontinent.

d) Distance from the Sea : The coastal area have a equable climate because of the moderating influence of the sea Area in the interior of India far away from the coast have extreme temperature.

e) Altitude : As we know , with the increase in high temperature  decreases Agra and Darjeeling being on the same latitude but same temperature of January in Agra is 16⁰C while its only 4⁰C in Darjeeling.

f)    Relief : The physiography of India also affect temperature , pressure and rainfall. The window and side of western Ghats and Assam receive high rainfall while due to it’s leward situation along the western ghats the southern plateau remains dry.

Factors relating to pressure and winds

a)a)    Distribution if air pressure and winds on the surface of the earth.

b)b)    Upper air circulation controlling global weather and the inflow of

Different  air mess and jet stream .

c)c)     Inflow of western cyclons generally known as disturbance during the winter season and tropical depressions during the south-west monsoons period into India.